This subproject investigates the contemporary transition from traditional fossil fuels to alternative energy systems, focusing specifically on renewable energies in Turkey and nuclear energy in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. The research explores how these specific energy transitions influence economic restructuring, political legitimacy, and global energy strategies within post-imperial contexts. In Turkey, the study analyzes state-driven renewable energy initiatives, such as the YEKA (Renewable Energy Resource Areas) auction model and feed-in tariffs, evaluating their direct impact on socio-economic development and regional financial centralization. Furthermore, it accounts for the unique challenges these green transitions pose to cultural environments and local civil societies, including lawsuits against windmill installations. In Central Asia, the project examines the development of nuclear power in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, focusing on their reliance on Russian nuclear technology transfers managed through Rosatom. By utilizing simulation techniques, panel data analysis, and comparative case studies, this research evaluates the long-term sustainability of these energy paths and provides crucial insights into how state-led energy policies shape both domestic modernization and foreign relations.